Marriage Essay - 495 Words

Marriage What does marriage mean? By definition, marriage is â€Å"the legal union of a man and a woman as husband and wife† (Webster’s Dictionary). Most people claim that they want their marriage to last a lifetime. Because over half of all marriages in the United States end in a divorce, most people lack the understanding of what it takes to stay married. I believe that couples should become more aware of the commitment that they are making when they enter into marriage. Men and women should get to know one another completely before deciding to get married. Important issues such as religion, finances, career, and whether or not to have children should be discussed so that the couple can learn each other’s views regarding the†¦show more content†¦Why did they not discuss this issue before they got married or did they think the other one would change after saying their wedding vows? Marriage is not about changing someone; instead, it is about loving your partner for his or her beliefs. Rather than giving up and ending the marriage, many couples could save the marriage by trying to work through the problems that arise. Many people do not realize how much hard work has to be put into a marriage for it to be successful. When planning a wedding, some couples spend a lot of time preparing the vows that will be exchanged during the ceremony, but sadly the partners fail to live by the vows day after day. Scores of married couples drift apart because their hectic lives do not allow them to spend enough quality time together, which is important for a healthy marriage. Communication is also an essential factor in working through problems in a marriage. Entering into marriage for the wrong reason usually leads to divorce. Sometimes an individual will say that he or she married for money, or he or she may claim to have married for love. Many times, lust is mistaken for love; consequently, when the passion ends so does the marriage. Some people choose to marry wealthy people solely to gain financial security, but eventually they will find that money does not lead to happiness. Others enter into marriage believing that it is a cure-all that will makeShow MoreRelatedMarriage Between Marriage And Marriage1441 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is universal, in the sense that no matter where you go in the world there is marriage. The meaning of marriage might be different but it still exists everywhere. Marriage would be so much healthier and happier with a marriage contract signed and agreed between both parties. Many people commonly have a misconception of what a marriage contract really is. This type of contract involves a written doc ument between two people, their respective rights and obligations in regards to the marriageRead MoreThe Marriage Of Marriage And Marriage1599 Words   |  7 Pagesvaccinations, abortion and marriages. 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Perceptions of Online Retailing Service Quality †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Perceptions of Online Retailing Service Quality. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the paper is to study application of business and management tools to an issues or a problem an organisation is facing. Amazon is a electronic commerce or ecommerce and cloud computing services and software providing company with its headquarters in the UNS. It is a public limited compnay listed on NASDAQ and has websites designed for its major markets like the UK, Australia and France. It is the leading ecommerce company in the world with Jeff Bezos as its founder, chairperson and CEO. Amazon sells a variety of commodities over the digital space like books, consumer goods and industrial goods. Thus, the consumer segments of the company include both household consumers and industrial consumers. The company also provides cloud-computing services, which enable multinational companies to manage their data. Amazon has decided to launch its own brick and mortar stores to diversify its retail business and enhance customer experiences of purchasing goods. Amazon is often attribut ed to disrupt the businesses of physical stores by introducing the system of offering thousands of goods online to customers. The issue the paper would address is, whether opening physical outlets to diversity its retail business would have be positive or negative effects on the company. The question, which the paper would seek to answer, is Should Amazons diversify its business into brick and mortar stores and would it impact its business negatively or positively? The researcher would consider secondary sources of data to gather information on the project. The secondary sources of information would be newspapers, financial reports of Amazon, articles, journals and magazines. The commentary would use SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix and profitability ratios: Table of supporting documents: https://business.financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/from-mouldy-strawberries-to-poorly-trained-employees-amazon-still-stumped-by-treacherous-800-billion-grocery-market MIT Technology Review Q1 2017 earnings Amazon 2016 Annual Report "Amazon's Newest Bricks And Mortar Store Opens In New York". 2017.Com. Amazon Opens New Offline Shop In New York". 2017. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40051886 The findings of the research would be based on SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix and ratio analysis. The ration analysis would consider the gross profit margin ratio, which is the ratio of gross profit to net sales for a year expressed as percentage. Financial strength: Amazon is a public limited company listed on NASDAQ and has very strong capital base, which is its first strength. The graph shows that the share prices of the company are rising which predicts its growing financial strength. The company as a result, can source huge capital by floating shares in the market. Huge consumer base and revenue yield: Amazon is the largest ecommerce company and millions of customers use its websites to buy products all over the world, thus earning huge revenue. The graph shows that by 2016 second quarter, the company has earned revenue of $ 32 billion by selling products worldwide (Appendix 2)[2].These two strengths enable Amazon to source immense capital and revenue, which forms the basis of its third strength, its robust technology. Immense technological prowess: Amazon is technologically very strong and its financial strength enables to carry out consistent development in the existing technology and introduce new technology. This leads to its fourth strength, its aggressive product line offering a variety of products to its global base of customers. Huge product line: The products of Amazon consist of ecommerce websites, video streaming services called Amazon Prime, online books and cloud computing services. Amazon is aiming to diversify its product line by offering brick and mortar store to cater to the customers directly and offer them great shopping experiences. The stores would complement the online shopping services and would have automated payment process, which would enable the customers to pay for their purchases without intervention of cashiers. Frequent disruptions: The first weakness of Amazon are frequent disruptions in the internet connections all round the world disrupt the online sales of goods through the websites of Amazon. The company is heavily dependent on internet to sell products and offer services all over the world[6]. Thus, power and internet disruptions prevents people from placing orders on the website which leads of a heavy opportunity losses to the company. Not successful in all segments: Amazon leads the ecommerce market but does not lead in all its segments. For example, in video streaming segment, Youtube leads the market. The venture of Amazon failed because it failed to provide high quality food products. Its online grocery store failed to provide customers with fresh food items, which often resulted in sales returns, causing further losses. Thus, some ventures of Amazon are less profitable and often leads to the loss to the company. New products: Amazon introduces new products to cater to the new customer needs and create new customer experience. The newest product, which the company has launched, is a line of brick and mortar stores. The customers can visit these stores to buy Amazon products and make payments. One can point that all several multinational companies like Levis have both physical stores and online stores where they sell their products. Thus, in the light of this fact one can predict that Amazon would also be successful in earning profits from the physical stores. The brick and mortar stores would strengthen the power of Amazon to rich to the customer needs to create excellent purchase experience. Truly, the stores would complement the online sales of Amazon. Global presence: Amazon has regional websites dedicated to all its markets to cater to the region specific customer needs. This global presence allows Amazon to cater to a large base of customers earning high revenue. Stiff competition: Amazon faces stiff challenges from companies like Google and Microsoft, which market similar products. These strong competitors threaten the market position and revenue generation of the company. Data theft: Amazon is always under threats from data thefts and virus attacks. This creates a huge threat to the knowledge bank of the company, which require it to invest millions of dollars to secure its data against these threats. The Ansoff matrix above presents four quadrants namely, market development, market penetration, diversification and product development. Amazon in case of market development, Amazon must enter new markets like countries in South America and Africa where it has no operations with existing products like ecommerce services. The company must try to penetrate its markets of America, Europe and Asia by providing existing products at cheaper rates[12]. Amazon must try to introduce its new product, physical stores in existing market and earn huge revenue by selling products offline besides selling them online. As far as diversification is concerned, the company must introduce the offline stores in the new markets only after its gain high positions in those markets. Profitability ratios: Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013 Dec 31, 2012 Gross Profit 47722 35355 26236 20271 15122 Net Sales 135987 107006 88988 74452 61093 Gross Profit Margin: 35.09% 33.04% 29.48% 27.23% 24.75% Figure 2. Pie chart showing profit margin of Amazon The above table shows that Amazon earns high profits by selling a wide variety of products all round the world. This means that the company must diversify its business into new segments like opening brick and mortar stores initially in the US, its home market and later on enter its host countries like the UK. Analysis Evaluation: The analysis of the SWOT, Ansoff matrix and profitability ratio brings into light several facts, which show that opening brick and mortar stores would profit Amazon. First, Amazon has a huge investor and customer base providing it with capital and revenue respectively. One can interpret from this finding that Amazon can amass huge amount of fund to finance its brick and mortar stores. Secondly, its financial strength has allowed the company bring about immense development in its technology. This can help the company cause disruptive innovation by introducing stores with digital payment systems capable of accepting payments faster from customers. One can interpret from the success of multinational companies like Levis that physical stores can be used to strengthen market presence and enhance online sales of goods. This it can be evaluated based on this ground that Amazon would be successful in capturing huge market by opening physical stores. Thirdly, the interpretation of the Ansoff matrix of Amazon shows that the company should introduce the stores initially in its home country namely, the US and then expand it into the host markets. Fourthly, the profitability pie chart of Amazon shows that the company has shown increase in profit margin from 2012 to 2016. An evaluation of the profitability ratio points out to the growing market position of Amazon. Thus, based on the findings and their analysis, one can summarise that Amazon should expand its market presence by opening a physical store. Conclusion: The discussion at length shows that Amazon should diversify into brick and mortar stores. However, it can be recommended in the light of the discussion that the company should introduce the brick and mortar stores in its home country and gradually expand it into the host countries. I can point out upon reflecting on the topics covered that, the study does not cover areas like the market position of Amazon in the physical retail business. This is because the company has just embarked on the business venture and analysis of the performance in brick and mortar store business is subject to future investigations. Bibliography and references: "Amazon - Investor Relations - Annual Reports, Proxies And Shareholder Letters". 2017.Phx.Corporate-Ir.Net. https://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664p=irol-reportsannual. "Amazon's Newest Bricks And Mortar Store Opens In New York". 2017.Bbc.Com. Amazon Opens New Offline Shop In New York". 2017. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40051886. AMZN:NASDAQ GS Stock Quote - Amazon.com Inc. (2017).Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 26 November 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AMZN:US Brynjolfsson, Erik, Yu Hu, and Mohammad S. Rahman. "Battle of the retail channels: How product selection and geography drive cross-channel competition."Management Science55, no. 11 (2009): 1755-1765. Carter, Lemuria, and France Blanger. "The utilization of e?government services: citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors."Information systems journal15, no. 1 (2005): 5-25. Jain, Prince. "Security Issues and their solution in cloud computing."International Journal of Computing Business Research(2012): 2229-6166. Johnson, M., and Seungjin Whang. "E?business and supply chain management: an overview and framework."Production and Operations management11, no. 4 (2002): 413-423. Jun, Minjoon, Zhilin Yang, and DaeSoo Kim. "Customers' perceptions of online retailing service quality and their satisfaction."International Journal of Quality Reliability Management21, no. 8 (2004): 817-840. Laudon, Kenneth C., and Carol Guercio Traver.E-commerce. Pearson, 2013. million, Amazon. 2017. "Amazon Prime Subscribers Hit 80 Million".Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-prime-subscribers-hit-80-million-2017-4?IR=T. Rodgers, John A., David C. Yen, and David C. Chou. "Developing e-business; a strategic approach."Information management computer security10, no. 4 (2002): 184-192. Soper, More, and More Zaleski. 2017. "Inside AmazonS Battle To Break Into The $800 Billion Grocery Market".Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-03-20/inside-amazon-s-battle-to-break-into-the-800-billion-grocery-market.

The Issue of Abortion

Introduction Since the Supreme Court made abortion a legal procedure in the United States over three decades ago, the issue of abortion has continued to elicit highly charged debate both in the political and social scenes (McCoy 45-50). In such a context, inflammatory anti-abortion versus pro-choice sentiments are inevitable, hence the need to use a rational approach in this crucial topic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, I discuss the litigious issue of abortion on a moderate position. I argue that the act of abortion is morally wrong and problematic. However, minimal/slight moral permissibility of this act should be allowed especially during instances of need to restore the health of the mother. The Moderate Position of Abortion The moderate position on abortion is a mid-position that agrees to the moral permissibility of some abortions, but a t the same time considering suffering and pain both on the part of the mother and fetus. Therefore, the moderate position regards the mother and fetus as having certain entitlements and rights. It also recognizes that permissibility of abortion causes suffering to both the mother and fetus. In this sense, a moderate position considers the moral permissibility of some abortions while at the same time having a sense of loss of entitlements to the mother and fetus. In the moderate position, abortion is only indicated in the hardest instances e.g. abortion may be considered in cases where the life of the fetus greatly puts the life of the mother at risk (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50). Why I Agree With the Moderate Position A moderate position on abortion is a strong and comprehensive argument against the act of abortion, especially regarding issues of morality and permissibility. This is because philosophers have argued that a woman has duty to protect herself while at the sam e time having much consideration to the life of the fetus (the moral status of the fetus) (McCoy 45-50). In this part, while I concur with the liberalist position that the life and the agency of a pregnant mother should take precedent over fetal life, such people must also bear the consideration that the life of a fetus is a potential human life and the act of aborting a fetus entails ending this life. Therefore in this context, I consider the right to life and other entitlements of the fetus as important discussions which should be engaged especially when addressing litigious issues of abortion (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50). Since the conservative approach towards abortion strictly prohibits abortion, it denies the mother the rights and entitlements she should access, such as the right to life. A moderate position is an important position which I adopt because it prohibits the act of abortion, while giving a chance for slight/minimal permissibility where the life and ent itlements of the woman have to be protected.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, I adopt this position because I consider the act of abortion of a fetus which endangers the life of the mother as being morally permissible and therefore the moderate position on abortion is a more comprehensive solution and should be adopted. In addition and from a philosophical perspective, a mother who continues to carry a fetus which greatly endangers her life denies herself the ‘perfect duties’ which she should accord herself and her body (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50). The moderate position regarding abortion is the best position I adopt because it does not set the bar too low regarding the permissibility abortion. This is because this position is considerate of the fetus as a potential human life which has rights and entitlements. In this case, moderate positi ons on discussions of abortion prohibit approaches which tend to lie greatly towards permissibility while at the same time refuting conservative approaches which insists on absolute impermissibility of abortion. Therefore I consider this position the best which should e adopted as a societal approach to curb increased permissibility of the act or total impermissibility. For instance, the argument by liberalists on this matter that abortion should be allowed in various circumstances and a wide range of moral justifications contravenes the right to life of the fetus as a potential human being. This is because in my perception, the liberal position sets the bar too low regarding the permissibility of the act of abortion e.g. the suggestion that abortion should be allowed in certain instances like maintaining the bodily integrity of the mother is ‘a bar too low to set’ regarding the permissibility of abortion. In addition, philosophers e.g. McCoy have argued that a woman wh o aborts or considers an abortion just to maintain her twenty six inch waist denies the fetus the right to life and goes against the natural orientation which perceives women as having the natural and ethical desire to love, nurture and care for their children (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50). Therefore in my argument, I settled on the moderate position because it does not set the bar too low regarding permissibility of abortions. In my opinion, a woman who aborts because effects of pregnancy and motherhood are incompatible with her life projects contravenes the rights to which the fetus is entitled e.g. the right to life. Therefore, the moderate position is best to be adopted. For instance, in my view, it is morally permissible for women to have abortions in cases of great need to safeguard their life but such reasons propounded by liberalists such as rewarding hobbies, once-in-a-lifetime trips, and important careers are imperfect choices which should not be morally and leg ally permissible (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rights Ethical Approach Therefore the moderate position which I adopt to argue the issue of abortion emanates from the rights ethical approach. In the moderate position, I argue that abortion should only be allowed for the hardest of indications e.g. safeguarding the health of the mother or a deformity of the fetus. From the rights ethical approach, I have mentioned that the act of abortion is morally wrong and should be permissible only during hard indications. Since the fetus is a potential human life which has rights and entitlements, it should not be aborted unless strongly indicated. Therefore, the most ethical choice for women is to carry the pregnancy to term, as aborting the child for reasons short of ‘hard indications’ is unethical and a disre gard of the fetus as a potential human life which has a right to live. In addition, using this approach, the mother has an ethical obligation to the fetus as she knew that the act of sex which she got involved in would result to a pregnancy. It is also natural and ethical for women to desire to love, nurture and care for their children, thus abortion is regarded as unethical unless indicated. Furthermore, the fetus is a potential human life with moral standing and complete with rights and entitlements. Thus aborting a fetus for reasons below the ‘hard indications’ bar is unethical, morally wrong and a contravention of the right of the fetus as a potential human life (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50). How People Who Don’t Agree With the Moderate Position Might State Their Position Since my argument in this paper lies in the moderate position, it is inevitable that it is likely to elicit debate in different scenes such as philosophical and social scenes. A c onservative approach to the issue of abortion adopts a position of absolute impermissibility; hence such conservative positions should be moderated to adopt some extent of permissibility. Similarly, the liberal approach should be moderated to adopt slight permissibility of abortion. Therefore, liberalists should not set their bar too low (regarding permissibility) and the conservatives too high (regarding impermissibility) (Shannon and Kockler 82-88; McCoy 45-50). Conclusion In the above paper, I have adopted the moderate position to explore the issue of abortion. I have also used the rights ethical approach to explore this topic. As abortion continues to raise heated debate in various parts of the world, the moderate position is the most comprehensive approach towards addressing issues of permissibility. This is because a mid-position considers the rights and entitlements of both the mother and fetus.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited McCoy, Ronny. The Morality of Abortion, Coe College: Coe College Press, 2011. Print. Shannon, Thomas, and Kockler Nicholas. An Introduction to Bioethics, Paulist: Paulist Press, 2009. Print. This essay on The Issue of Abortion was written and submitted by user Maliyah K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Issue of Abortion The morality and legality of abortion remains a controversial, pertinent subject world all over. With some countries legalizing it, the great question is, should abortion be allowed? Regardless of the perspective viewed from, abortion is unethical, unhealthy, and utterly unacceptable. Abortion is killing, it is murder, and now that a human being cannot give life; he or she should not take it away. Why should we be politically correct while we can be correct?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As aforementioned, abortion is killing and no one should think in those lines. Forgetting about the dead foetus, the trauma that comes with abortion is unbearable. It is better to be physically sick than to be psychologically sick. A research by Ekanem, Etuk, Ekabua and Iklaki (2009), indicates, â€Å"Abortion still contributes significantly to high maternal morbidity and mortality† (p. 374). People have come out in the past to confess the untold life-lasting trauma that they have to face daily because of an abortion they had many years ago. The most worrying trend is that many people carry abortion unsafely because they fear what people will say about it. This leads to grave medical consequences like infertility and cancer. In her work, Colker (1992) posits that, â€Å"abortion is not a question of moral permissibility, or justification of laws permitting or restricting it; it is a mater of life and death where the former takes pre-eminence† (p. 6). It is true that some children are born from â€Å"accident†; however, it is not the duty of anyone to determine who should live and who should not. Even though there is no evidence to justify this argument, there is a high probability that some world great leaders have died even before seeing the light of the day courtesy of this inhuman act. Physical and mental heath notwithstandin g, it is unethical to kill, supposing we were all aborted! Those supporting abortion, commonly known as pro-choice, put across vague arguments about why abortion should be allowed. For instance, Levitt and Donohue (1999), vaguely argue that unwanted children were mostly likely to be criminals and this explained low crime rates in states where abortion is legal (p. 12). This is shoddy argument and it takes one back to philosophical issues on crime. Pro-choice scientists argue that there is no relationship between breast cancer and abortion. The truth is, during pregnancy; due to hormonal changes, breast cells proliferate in preparation of breastfeeding. Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Once abortion takes place, these cells do not become â€Å"aborted† and this leads to cancer not unless we redefine cancer. While scientists can detach breast cancer from abortion, they have failed terribly in explaining maternal morbidity that comes with abortion. There is so much attachment between a mother a pregnancy and this is irrefutable. Abortion should only be allowed in cases where the mother is in danger. The other alternative to prevent unwanted pregnancies is to use contraceptives rightly and avoid the so called, â€Å"biological accidents.† Otherwise, live and let life. To Pro-choice adherents, it important to note that, the question is not about abortion or not, rather it is about to murder or not. Abortion is unethical, unhealthy, and unacceptable. Killing is unlawful not only to God but also to human beings. The psychological price to pay for abortion is irredeemable and not unless anyone wants to live a downtrodden life, she should refrain from abortion. If you had unwanted pregnancy today, would you prefer to abort or would persevere until you handle the bundles of joy in your hands after short nine months? Reference List Colker, R. (1992). Abortion dialogue: pro-choice, pro-life, and American law. USA: Library of Congress Cataloging. Ekanem, E., Etuk, S., Ekabua, J., and Iklaki, C. (2009). Clinical Presentation and Complications in Patients with Unsafe Abortions in University Of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Niger Journal of Medicine, 18(4): 370-74 Levitt, D., Donohue, J. (1999). The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime. Social Science Research Network, 56(3): 12-15Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Issue of Abortion was written and submitted by user Darrell Glenn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Profile of King Edward III of England

A Profile of King Edward III of England Edward III, King of England and Lord of Ireland, ruled from 1327 until his death in 1377. Crowned at age fourteen, he assumed his personal rule three years later and earned early fame for his defeat of the Scots at Halidon Hill in 1333. Edward claimed the crown of France in 1337 effectively starting the Hundred Years War. During the conflicts early campaigns, he led English forces to victory at Sluys and Crà ©cy, while his son, Edward the Black Prince, earned a triumph at Poitiers. These successes allowed Edward to conclude the favorable Treaty of Brà ©tigny in 1360. His reign was also marked by the arrival of the Black Death (bubonic plague) in England and the evolution of Parliament. Early Life Edward III was born at Windsor on November 13, 1312 and was the grandson of the great warrior Edward I. The son of ineffective Edward II and his wife Isabella, the young prince was quickly made Earl of Chester to aid in shoring up his fathers weak position on the throne. On January 20, 1327, Edward II was deposed by Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer and replaced by the fourteen-year old Edward III on February 1. Installing themselves as regents for the young king, Isabella and Mortimer effectively controlled England. During this time, Edward was routinely disrespected and treated poorly by Mortimer. Ascending to the Throne A year later, on January 24, 1328, Edward married Philippa of Hainault at York Minister. A close couple, she bore him fourteen children during their forty-one year marriage. The first of these, Edward the Black Prince was born on June 15, 1330. As Edward matured, Mortimer worked to abuse his post through the acquisition of titles and estates. Determined to assert his power, Edward had Mortimer and his mother seized at Nottingham Castle on October 19, 1330. Condemning Mortimer to death for assuming royal authority, he exiled his mother to Castle Rising in Norfolk. Looking North In 1333, Edward elected to renew the military conflict with Scotland and repudiated the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton which had been concluded during his regency. Backing the claim of the claim of Edward Balliol to the Scottish throne, Edward advanced north with an army and defeated the Scots at the Battle of Halidon Hill on July 19. Asserting control over the southern counties of Scotland, Edward departed and left the conflict in the hands of his nobles. Over the next few years, their control slowly eroded as the forces of young Scottish King David II reclaimed the lost territory. Fast Facts: Edward III Nation: EnglandBorn: November 13, 1312 at Windsor CastleCoronation: February 1, 1327Died: June 21, 1377 at Sheen Palace, RichmondPredecessor: Edward II Successor: Richard IISpouse: Philippa of HainaultIssue: Edward the Black Prince, Isabella, Joan, Lionel, John of Gaunt, Edmund, Mary, Margaret, ThomasConflicts: Hundred Years WarKnown For: Battle of Halidon Hill, Battle of Sluys, Battle of Crà ©cy The Hundred Years War While war festered in the north, Edward was increasingly angered by the actions of France who supported the Scots and had been raiding the English coast. While the people of England began to fear a French invasion, the King of France, Philip VI, captured some of Edwards French lands including the duchy of Aquitaine and the county of Ponthieu. Rather than pay homage to Philip, Edward elected to assert his claim to the French crown as the only living male descendent of his deceased maternal grandfather, Philip IV. Invoking Salic law which banned succession along female lines, the French flatly rejected Edwards claim. Going to war with France in 1337, Edward initially limited his efforts to alliance building with various European princes and encouraging them to attack France. Key among these relationships was a friendship with the Holy Roman Emperor, Louis IV. While these efforts produced few results on the battlefield, Edward did win a critical naval victory at the Battle of Sluys on June 24, 1340. The triumph effectively gave England command of the Channel for much of the ensuing conflict. While Edward endeavored with his military operations, severe fiscal pressure began to mount on the government. Returning home in late 1340, he found the affairs of the realm in disarray and began a purge of the governments administrators. At Parliament the next year, Edward was compelled to accept financial limitations on his actions. Recognizing the need to placate Parliament, he agreed to their terms, however quickly began to override them later that year. After a few years of inconclusive fighting, Edward embarked for Normandy in 1346 with a large invasion force. Sacking Caen, they moved across northern France and inflicted a decisive defeat on Philip at the Battle of Crà ©cy. Edward III counting the dead at Crecy. Public Domain In the fighting, the superiority of the English longbow was demonstrated as Edwards archers cut down the flower of the French nobility. At the battle, Philip lost around 13,000-14,000 men, while Edward suffered only 100-300. Among those who proved themselves at Crà ©cy was the Black Prince who became one of his fathers most trusted field commanders. Moving north, Edwards successfully concluded the siege of Calais in August 1347. Recognized as a powerful leader, Edward was approached that November to run for Holy Roman Emperor following the death of Louis. Though he considered the request, he ultimately declined. The Black Death In 1348, the Black Death (bubonic plague) struck England killing nearly a third of the nations population. Halting military campaigning, the plague led to manpower shortages and dramatic inflation in labor costs. In an attempt to halt this, Edward and Parliament passed the Ordinance of Labourers (1349) and the Statute of Labourers (1351) to fix wages at pre-plague levels and restrict the movement of the peasantry. As England emerged from the plague, fighting resumed. On September 19, 1356, the Black Prince won a dramatic victory at the Battle Poitiers and captured King John II of France. King Edward III grants Aquitaine to his son Edward, the Black Prince. Public Domain Peace With France effectively operating without a central government, Edward sought to end the conflict with campaigns in 1359. These proved ineffective and the following year, Edward concluded the Treaty of Bretigny. By the terms of the treaty, Edward renounced his claim on the French throne in exchange for full sovereignty over his captured lands in France. Preferring the action of military campaigning to doldrums of daily governance, Edwards final years on the throne were marked by a lack of vigor as he passed much of the routine of government to his ministers. While England remained at peace with France, the seeds for renewing the conflict were sown when John II died in captivity in 1364. Ascending the throne, the new king, Charles V, worked to rebuild French forces and began open warfare in 1369. At age fifty-seven, Edward elected to dispatch one of his younger sons, John of Gaunt, to deal with the threat. In the ensuing fighting, Johns efforts proved largely ineffective. Concluding the Treaty of Bruges in 1375, English possessions in France were reduced to Calais, Bordeaux, and Bayonne. Later Reign This period was also marked by the death of Queen Philippa who succumbed to a dropsy-like illness at Windsor Castle on August 15, 1369. In the final months of her life, Edward began a controversial affair with Alice Perrers. Military defeats on the Continent and the financial costs of campaigning came to a head in 1376 when Parliament was convened to approve additional taxation. With both Edward and the Black Prince battling illness, John of Gaunt was effectively overseeing the government. Dubbed the Good Parliament, the House of Commons used the opportunity to express a long list of grievances which led to the removal of several of Edwards advisors. In addition, Alice Perrers was banished from court as it was believed she wielded too much influence over the aged king. The royal situation was further weakened in June when the Black Prince died. While Gaunt was compelled to give into Parliaments demands, his fathers condition worsened. In September 1376, he developed a large abscess. Though he briefly improved during the winter of 1377, Edward III finally died of a stroke on June 21, 1377. As the Black Prince had died, the throne passed to Edwards grandson, Richard II, who was only ten. Renowned as one of Englands great warrior kings, Edward III was buried at Westminster Abbey. Beloved by his people, Edward is also credited for founding the knightly Order of the Garter in 1348. A contemporary of Edwards, Jean Froissart, wrote that His like had not been seen since the days of King Arthur.

Reconstructing gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reconstructing gender - Essay Example The gulf found between men and women emanates from nature rather than nurture. As such, the two sexes covey their messages differently because of how their brains are made up, and women are often better communicators. The male brain excels in doing mathematical and visual spatial tasks whereas the female brain is better suited at doing verbal tasks. These glaring differences lead to miscommunication at times between the two sexes. However, the diversity existing between males and females enables them to co-exist together amiably. In her article, Ayana discusses the representation or depiction of females in hip hop videos. Her article made me comprehend more about the issues being articulated by feminists in regard to hip hop music videos. After reading the article, I agree with her main points. In her article, Ayana asserts the feminist tone by critiquing hip hop videos. Her main area of focus is hip hop’s gender and sexual depiction of women. Her primary critique comes from the fact that women are depicted as sex objects in most hip hop videos. For example, Ayana points out that in parties, women are mostly scantily dressed while men are fully dressed. This depiction belittles women hence portrays them as just sexual

Compare and contrast the effects of the First and Second World Wars on Coursework

Compare and contrast the effects of the First and Second World Wars on the international system - Coursework Example trend of the international system has had no parallel since creation Cantor and Land (1985); Tuttle (1988); Goemans (2000); Karsmakers (2003) and ; the combined effects of the two wars changed the shape of the international system than all other recorded wars in history combined. Kvasnicka and Bethmann (2007) believe that posterity’s perfect understanding of the similar and combined effects of these wars can be enhanced by making a holistic view on the effects these wars had on migration, global population sex ratio and labor availability, and world order. Each of these perspectives would now be looked in context to see how the effects of the two wars were similar on them. In his book An Illustrated History of the First World War, Keegan (2001) maintains that the world’s population knew an unprecedented trend in location and relocation during WWI. This location and relocation was usually from one country to another or from one city/town to another. Such movement was usually to flee from danger from one part of the world to another part of the world where danger was not so imminent. According to Keegan, such movement was ever feasible because, although this war was termed a world war, it practically did not involve all the countries of the world per se. Infact, some authors like Keegan himself, Banks (2002); Gilbert (2004) have persistently held that the first world war was a European war, arguing that the US role in the war was more of an arbitration or mediating one. So some countries remained neutral and were favorable destinations for people to move from war-torn countries like Germany, Britain, France and Belgium. Meanwhile, contributions from authors on the Second World War pointing to the same issue of migration abound. Karsmakers (2003); Kvasnicka and Bethmann (2007) and Cantor and Land (1985) revealed that the bombings of the second world war made people to leave their homes to seek refuge elsewhere more that in a y recorded period in history. Such

Wife and Filipino Women Essay Example for Free

Wife and Filipino Women Essay â€Å"They seemed faded plants sown and reared in darkness, having flowers without perfume and fruits without the sap†, Jose Rizal said in his letter â€Å"To the Young Women of Malolos† that the women were very passive to what the church teaches them but he had been proven wrong when the news of what had happened in Malolos reached him. In his letter, Rizal praised and honored the twenty brave women of the town for their victorious battle for their just demand to education and their battle to stop slavery to the friars. He also emphasized the obligations and roles of the Filipino mothers to their children; he compared the Filipino women to the Spartan women as role model. Rizal concluded his letter by encouraging the Filipino women to Let us, therefore, reflect; let us consider our situation and see how we stand†¦. May your desire to educate yourself be crowned with success†. The part which struck me most is where Rizal made mention of a situation to one of the mothers of Sparta, handed the shield to her son who said nothing but to return triumph or return dead. I find the scenario a bit heartbreaking and ironic when the other Spartan mother was told by a soldier that her three sons had died and replied that she was not asking about her sons but only wants to know whether they won or not. The soldier said they were victorious and the mother just went to the temple to thank God. Rizal compared the Filipino women and the foreign women, which entails his huge respect to the Filipino women on their vital roles as mothers and wives. Being the foundation of principles and values in ensuring the progress of the nation, a mother should nourish her children with proper values, desired knowledge and shape them to become God-fearing and responsible citizens. As a wife, a Filipina must support her husband in every problem, inspire him, encourage him, take a part with him all obstacles and dangers, to sympathize and comfort him in bad times, guide him to conquer his fears and struggle to achieve their goals in life. And as a mother, she must educate her children love of honor, love of fellowmen, love of country and love of God. This is the best writing of Rizal I have read so far. I admire him and respect everything he wrote in his letter. Rizal sets his standards of an â€Å"Ideal and Perfect Filipina†, one must have fine demeanor, well-mannered, clean conscience and correct thinking. The message of the letter is clear, it focuses on the most important issues the country is facing during those times, such as the maltreatment and abuse of the friars in exercising their spiritual authority bestowed upon them by the church and the great desire for Filipino women to enjoy the privileges in education with men. The letter speaks of the duties and obligations of Filipino mothers to the youth, the roles of a wife to her husband and guidance to young women on their choice of their lifetime partner. The letter also speaks of the philosophy of freedom and independence that would be a key for the emancipation of humankind from slavery, and the necessity for education as the fundamental source of liberation, to quote from Rizal, â€Å"Men are born equal, naked. God did not create men to be slaves, nor did he embellish them with reason in order to be blinded by others†.